So there's a building and more attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. But the distance the electrons are from the center from the nucleus is not increasing. Now, we can also say that as you increase the quantity of electrons within the same shell or sub shell, this would actually increase the attractive force because you're adding more electrons. Because remember the more shells you add, the further and further away they are from the nucleus and the further the electron is away from the nucleus than the lower the attractive force between them. Now we can say here that as you increase the shell number of an atom, you're going to increase the distance between electrons and nucleus. Now the attractive force between electrons and the nucleus is influenced by shell number and the quantity of electrons. So just keep in mind we have these two forces at work within any given Adam. This electron and blue is experiencing pushing away because the electron that's highlighted is repelling it further and further away from the nucleus. So Valence electrons are gonna be pushed further away from the nucleus here. We're going to say as that increases, that's going to cause an increase in the repulsive force. Now our shielding constant is the measurement is the measurement of the repulsive force between our valence electrons or outer shell electrons and the inner core electrons here. At the same time, we have our shielding constant. So the electrons are gonna be pulled closer to the nucleus. And if you're attracted to one another, you're gonna come closer together. We're going to say here that the greater the effective nuclear charge than the greater the attractive force between the nucleus and the electron. So here, the attractive force between that electrons and the nucleus can be explained by the effective nuclear charge. But repulsion from one another now effective nuclear charge abbreviated as Z E f is the measurement of attractive force between protons and electrons. ![]() ![]() So these electrons are experiencing these two different forces at the same time, attraction for the nucleus. Well, the electron here is negatively charged, so it would form an attraction to the nucleus here, which is positively charged at the same time, this outer electron here, since it's also negative, would repel this highlighted electron. So let's say that we're examining this electron here. Now within an atom and electron experiences two different forces it experiences and attraction by the nucleus and a repulsion by surrounding electrons.
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